Introductory Networking
Task 2 The OSI Model: An Overview
Which layer would choose to send data over TCP or UDP?
Ans: 4
Which layer checks received information to make sure that it hasn’t been corrupted?
Ans: 2
In which layer would data be formatted in preparation for transmission?
Ans: 2
Which layer transmits and receives data?
Ans: 1
Which layer encrypts, compresses, or otherwise transforms the initial data to give it a standardised format?
Ans: 6
Which layer tracks communications between the host and receiving computers?
Ans: 5
Which layer accepts communication requests from applications?
Ans: 7
Which layer handles logical addressing?
Ans: 3
When sending data over TCP, what would you call the “bite-sized” pieces of data?
Ans: Segments
[Research] Which layer would the FTP protocol communicate with?
Ans: 7
Which transport layer protocol would be best suited to transmit a live video?
Ans: UDP
Task 3 Encapsulation
How would you refer to data at layer 2 of the encapsulation process (with the OSI model)?
Ans: Frames
How would you refer to data at layer 4 of the encapsulation process (with the OSI model), if the UDP protocol has been selected?
Ans: Datagrams
What process would a computer perform on a received message?
Ans: De-encapsulation
Which is the only layer of the OSI model to add a trailer during encapsulation?
Ans: Data link
Does encapsulation provide an extra layer of security (Aye/Nay)?
Ans: Aye
Task 4 The TCP/IP Model
Which model was introduced first, OSI or TCP/IP?
Ans: TCP/IP
Which layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of the Transport layer of the OSI model (Full Name)?
Ans: Transport
Which layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of the Session layer of the OSI model (Full Name)?
Ans: application
The Network Interface layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of two layers in the OSI model. These layers are Data Link, and?.. (Full Name)?
Ans: physical
Which layer of the TCP/IP model handles the functionality of the OSI network layer?
Ans: internet
What kind of protocol is TCP?
Ans: connection-based
What is SYN short for?
Ans: synchronise
What is the second step of the three way handshake?
Ans: SYN/ACK
What is the short name for the “Acknowledgement” segment in the three-way handshake?
Ans: Ack
Task 5 Networking Tools Ping
What command would you use to ping the bbc.co.uk website?
Ans: ping bbc.co.uk
Ping muirlandoracle.co.uk
What is the IPv4 address?
Ans: 217.160.0.152
What switch lets you change the interval of sent ping requests?
Ans: -i
What switch would allow you to restrict requests to IPv4?
Ans: -4
What switch would give you a more verbose output?
Ans: -v
Task 6 Networking Tools Traceroute
Use traceroute on tryhackme.com
Can you see the path your request has taken?
Ans: no answer needed
What switch would you use to specify an interface when using Traceroute?
Ans: -i
What switch would you use if you wanted to use TCP SYN requests when tracing the route?
Ans: -T
[Lateral Thinking] Which layer of the TCP/IP model will traceroute run on by default (Windows)?
Ans: Internet
Task 7 Networking Tools WHOIS
Perform a whois search on facebook.com
Question Done
What is the registrant postal code for facebook.com?
Ans: 94025
When was the facebook.com domain first registered (Format: DD/MM/YYYY)?
Ans: 29/03/1997
Perform a whois search on microsoft.com
(Note: If you fail to read the above instruction and consequently get the wrong answer for the next question, don’t expect a helpful response if you report it as a bug…)
Question Done
Which city is the registrant based in?
Ans: redmond
[OSINT] What is the name of the golf course that is near the registrant address for microsoft.com?
Ans: Bellevue Golf Course
What is the registered Tech Email for microsoft.com?
Ans: msnhst@microsoft.com
Task 8 Networking Tools Dig
What is DNS short for?
Ans: Domain Name system
What is the first type of DNS server your computer would query when you search for a domain?
Ans: Recursive
What type of DNS server contains records specific to domain extensions (i.e. .com, .co.uk*, etc)*? Use the long version of the name.
Ans: Top-level domain
Where is the very first place your computer would look to find the IP address of a domain?
Ans: hosts file
[Research] Google runs two public DNS servers. One of them can be queried with the IP 8.8.8.8, what is the IP address of the other one?
Ans: 8.8.4.4
If a DNS query has a TTL of 24 hours, what number would the dig query show?
Ans: 86400
